作　者：段忠桥
关键词：洛克；劳动的自我所有权；马克思；财产权理论

摘　要：

 洛克的财产权理论是为私有财产的正当性做辩护的理论，它包括前后衔接的四个论证，即基于人类生存的论证、基于劳动的自我所有权的论证、基于不损害他人权利和利益的论证、基于使土地增值的论证。马克思把洛克的财产权理论定性为一种为基于个人劳动的私有制辩护的理论，并批判地继承了其中的劳动的自我所有权思想。在关于资本主义剥削的论述中，马克思从工人是自己的劳动力所有者这一前提出发，说明了资本主义剥削的产生、本质及其不正义；在关于社会主义按劳分配的论述中，马克思以生产者对自己劳动力的所有权为前提，说明了按劳分配的进步性及其两个弊病。

 

Marx's Characterization and Inheritance of Locke's Theory Of Property Rights


Duan Zhongqiao (Wuhan University) 


 

Abstract Locke's theory of property rights defends the legitimacy of private property. It consists of 
four sequential arguments: the argument based on human survival; the argument based on the self-ownership of labor; the argument based on not harming the rights and interests of others; and the argument based on land appreciation. Marx characterizes Locke's theory of property rights as a theory that justifies private ownership based on individual labor and critically inherits his idea of self-ownership of labor. In his account of capitalist exploitation, Marx illustrates its causation, nature and injustice of capitalist exploitation based upon the prem‐ ise that workers are owners of their own labor; in his account of the socialist distribution according to labor, Marx illustrates the progressiveness of distribution according to labor and its two drawbacks with the premise that producers own their own labor.

Key words Locke; self-ownership of labor; Marx; theory of property rights

 

■ 作者简介 段忠桥，哲学博士；武汉大学人文社会科学研究院驻院研究员，中国人民大学哲学院教授、博士生导师；湖 北 武汉 430072。


[PDF]（下载数：）