作　者：王清军
关键词：碳排放配额分配；行政许可；行政确认；分配行政；生态环境保护；绿色低碳发展；“双碳”目标
摘　要：

碳排放配额分配在碳市场交易制度体系中处于承前启后的枢纽地位，具备促进分配正义、实现激励相融等复合功能。传统行政行为理论范式之下的行政许可说、行政确认说等，要么针对配额分配的起始节点进行判断，要么面向配额分配的结果节点进行判断，不能完全涵盖配额分配活动全貌。分配行政理论虽然呈现了利益或负担分配的基本样态，但其与配额分配属于不同范畴，故不宜将配额分配纳入分配行政予以定位。配额分配主要是指由设定配额总量、确定重点排放单位、制定和执行配额分配方案等组成的多阶段、复合性行政活动。在行政过程论范式之下，碳排放配额分配分别呈现出内部行政行为、抽象行政行为、行政事实行为和具体行政行为等不同法律属性，需要分别从创设依据、优化程序设置以及完善救济机制等方面对不同属性的配额分配活动施以相应法律控制。

 

The Legal Nature and Legal Regulation Of Carbon Emission Quota Allocation

Wang Qingjun（Central China Normal University）

Abstract Carbon emission quota allocation serves as a pivotal nexus within the carbon emission trading market system, building on the past successes to further advance dual carbon goals, and fulfilling composite functions including promoting distributive justice and achieving incentive compatibility. Practices under the traditional paradigm of administrative acts, such as administrative approval and administrative confirmation, judging either by the starting point or the outcome of quota allocation, fail to encompass the entirety of allocation activities. Although distributive administration theory manifests fundamental patterns of interest or burden distribution, it operates within a distinct conceptual category from quota allocation, rendering it unsuitable to position quota allocation within this theoretical framework. Quota allocation constitutes a multi-phase and composite administrative activities encompassing quota cap setting, key emission entities identification, and allocation plans formulation and implementation. Under the paradigm of administrative process theory, carbon emission quota allocation demonstrates diverse legal attributes of internal administrative acts, abstract administrative acts, administrative factual behaviors and concrete administrative acts. Corresponding legal regulation should be implemented through differentiated approaches: establishing legal foundations for attribute creation, optimizing procedural configurations and improving remedial mechanisms.

Key words carbon emission quota allocation; administrative approval; administrative confirmation; distributive administration; ecological environment protection; green low-carbon development; dual carbon goals

 

■  作者简介  王清军，华中师范大学法学院教授，湖北 武汉 430079。

 

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