作　者：张彩云 陈阳
关键词：数字化转型；就业结构优化；生产率效应；劳动力替代效应
摘　要：

数字化转型在方便人类工作的同时，也为就业带来前所未有的机遇和挑战，如何抓住机遇应对挑战是数字化时代国家和个人面临的重大考验。目前来看，数字化转型可以兼顾就业规模和就业结构，即在扩大就业规模的基础上实现就业结构的优化，真正推动高质量就业。其作用机制在于，数字化转型通过生产率效应扩大就业规模，通过劳动力替代效应优化并稳定就业结构。从时间维度出发，短期内数字化转型主要通过劳动力替代效应发挥作用，长期内主要通过生产率效应发挥其兼顾就业规模和就业结构的作用。抓住数字化转型机遇，充分发挥其在兼顾就业规模扩大和就业结构优化方面的长处，可为促进高质量就业提供技术支撑。

 

An Empirical Study on Balancing Employment Scale and Structure In Digital Transformation

Zhang Caiyun（Chinese Academy of Social Sciences） Chen Yang（Nankai University）

Abstract Digital transformation not only facilitates human work, but also brings unprecedented opportunities and challenges to employment. How to seize opportunities and respond to challenges is a major test faced by countries and individuals in the digital age. At present, digital transformation can balance employment scale and employment structure, that is, it can optimize employment structure on the basis of expanding employment scale, and truly promote high-quality employment. Its working mechanism is that digital trans‐ formation mainly expands employment scale through productivity effects, and mainly optimizes and stabilizes employment structure through labor substitution effects. From a temporal perspective, in the short term, digital transformation works through labor substitution effects, while in the long term, it functions in balancing employment scale and structure through productivity effects. We should seize the opportunity of digital transformation, fully leverage its strengths in balancing the expansion of employment scale and optimization of employment structure, and provide technical support for promoting high-quality employment.

Key words digital transformation; employment structure optimization; productivity effect; Labor substitution effect

 

■  作者简介 张彩云，中国社会科学院经济研究所副研究员，北京100836；陈 阳，南开大学经济学院博士研究生，天津300071。

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