作　者：陈仁仁
关键词：帛书《易传》；先秦儒家；爱民；禁民；仁民
摘　要：

帛书《易传·系辞》云“理材正辞，爱民安行，曰义”，与此相应的今本《易传·系辞》作“理财正辞，禁民为非，曰义”。两相比较，“材”通“财”，不会带来文本的思想差异，而 “爱民安行”与“禁民为非”之间的文本差异，显然包含着一种思想的差异乃至变迁。由此上溯于孔子，下至于孟子。由孔子的“仁者爱人”思想发展出“爱民”观念的可能性，到帛书《易传》和战国简明确提出“爱民”的思想观念，并辅之以“义”，再到今本《易传》改“爱民安行”为 “禁民为非”，从而进一步凸显“义”的独立价值，最后到孟子的“仁民”思想，形成了一条先秦儒家“爱民”观念的变迁与发展线索。这条思想线索有一个更深层的内在的思想基础，即以 “仁义之道”为“人道”，并赋予人性，落实于社会生活，从而对传统社会民众的政治主体性产生了深刻的影响。

 

 

The Development and Evolution of the Idea Of "Cherishing the People" in Pre-Qin Confucianism From The SilkManuscript Version of YiZhuan

Chen Renren（Hunan University）

Abstract The silk manuscript version of Yizhuan(Xici) states, "establishing proper laws to regulate material resources, cherishing the people and ensuring their proper conduct, is called righteousness"; in contrast, the extant version of Yizhuan(Xici) reads, "establishing proper laws to regulate wealth, and restraining the people from wrongdoing, is called righteousness". A simple textual comparison finds that the homophonic substitution of material resources with wealth does not lead to any significant ideological divergence, while the difference between "loving people and ensuring their proper conduct" and "restraining the people from wrongdoing" clearly embodies an ideological shift or evolution. A review from Confucius to Mencius may reveal a clear trajectory of the evolution of the concept of "cherishing the people" in pre-Qin Confucianism: the Confucian "the benevolent love others" might give birth to the concept of "cherishing the people"; this notion is then articulated in the silk manuscript version of Yizhuan and the Warring States bamboo slips (战国简), which has been elevated to the level of "righteousness"; while the extant version of Yizhuan modifies "cherishing the people and ensuring their proper conduct" to "restraining the people from wrongdoing, " thereby further emphasizing the independent value of "righteousness"; it finally culminates in Mencius' "benevolence toward the people". This intellectual lineage is underpinned by a deeper philosophical foundation: it takes the "way of benevolence and righteousness" as the "path of humanity" endowed with human nature and embodied in social life. This foundation profoundly influenced the political subjectivity of the populace in traditional Chinese society.

Key words the silk manuscript version of Yizhuan; pre-Qin Confucianism; cherishing the people; restraining the people; benevolence toward the people

 

■  作者简介  陈仁仁，湖南大学岳麓书院教授，湖南 长沙 410082。

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