作　者：谢远笋 郭齐勇
关键词：民本；德位；革命；《尚书》；《孟子》
摘　要：

民本主义是中国传统政治哲学的主流和特色，作为一种成熟的思想，它有其一贯的线索。《尚书》中“以德配天”的思想，集中体现了儒家对政治正当性的寻求。儒家提出德位相配，这是它对权力来源问题提出的解决方案。与德位相配相对的是德位不配，其一是  “德不配位”，即无德之人登上了不该有的权位，这牵涉到革命的问题；其二是“有德无位”，即大德之人没有取得应有之位，此种情形涉及时遇的问题。

 

The Rational Path of People-oriented Governance From

Shangshu to Mencius

Xie Yuansun，Guo Qiyong（Wuhan University）

Abstract "People-oriented governance" has been the mainstream and defining feature of traditional Chinese political philosophy. As a mature ideology, it follows a consistent intellectual trajectory. The idea of "matching virtue with Heaven's mandate" in Shangshu (The Book of Documents) epitomizes Confucianism's pursuit of political legitimacy. Confucianism posits that virtue should correspond with political authority or position, offering a solution to the problem of the source of power. In contrast to this alignment of virtue and position are two scenarios of misalignment: one is "virtue unworthy of position", where an unworthy individual ascends to a position of authority they do not deserve and might lead to revolution; the other is "virtue without position", where a morally upright individual fails to attain the position they merit due to bad timing or destiny.

Key words people-oriented governance; virtue and position; revolution; Shangshu(The Book of Documents); Mencius

 

■  作者简介 谢远笋，武汉大学哲学学院副教授，湖北 武汉430072；郭齐勇，武汉大学哲学学院教授。

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