作　者：龚天平 胡莹
关键词：互惠伦理的含义；互惠伦理的可能性；互惠伦理的践行
摘　要：

互惠伦理是人类伦理价值规范系统的重要构成。互惠意指个体基于自我意愿或利益帮助他人以增进他人利益并期待未来可以获得某种回报的动机或行为；互惠伦理意指交往各方以互惠方式，把自己的自利或利他偏好付诸行为，且对方应当自觉负有回报义务的伦理。互惠伦理主要包括积极互惠伦理和消极互惠伦理。互惠伦理之所以可能，是建立在行为能力、理性能力、同感能力等一系列具体条件的基础上的。只有得到人们的恰当践行，互惠伦理才能走向稳定。互惠伦理践行机制主要包括社会奖惩制度、他人评价与监督等外在约束和个体内心道德自律即内在约束，实践中还需要合理对待欺骗者，互惠行为也要禁害第三方以趋善避恶。

 

Reciprocal Ethics: Connotations, Foundations and Practice

Gong Tianping，Hu Ying（Zhongnan University of Economics and Law）

Abstract Reciprocal ethics is an important component of the human ethical values and normative system. Reciprocity refers to the motivation or behavior of an individual to help others, based on their own will or interest, in order to promote the interests of others with the expectation of receiving some from of return in the future. Reciprocal ethics denotes an ethical framework where parties in interaction put their selfish or altruistic preferences into action in a reciprocal manner, and each party should consciously assume an obligation to reciprocate. Reciprocal ethics mainly encompasses positive reciprocal ethics and negative reciprocal ethics. The possibility of reciprocal ethics is based on a series of specific conditions, including behavioral capability, rational capability and empathy ability, etc. Reciprocal ethics can be stable only when properly practiced by people. Its practice mechanism mainly includes external constraints such as the social reward and punishment system, and peer evaluation and supervision, along with internal constraints representated by individuals' inner moral self-discipline. It also requires reasonable treatment of deceivers, and reciprocal behaviors should not pursue goodness and evade evil at the cost of third parties.

Key words the connotations of reciprocal ethics; the possibility of reciprocal ethics; the practice of reciprocal ethics

 

■  作者简介 龚天平，中南财经政法大学哲学院教授，湖北 武汉 430073；胡 莹，中南财经政法大学哲学院博士研究生。

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