作　者：姚新中 毛雪婷
关键词：以赛亚·伯林；积极自由；自我二分；理性；自我实现
摘　要：

对以赛亚·伯林积极自由观的分析应在历史维度中进行。在伯林之前，以T.H. 格林为代表的英国观念论者为积极自由奠定了理论基础，形成了伯林所批评的积极自由的初始形态。伯林认为，在特定时代背景下，源自“成为自己主人”愿望的积极自由，如果基于“自我二分”并以理性主义“真实自我”为导向，会演变为一种压迫性力量。伯林的这一批评促使查尔斯·泰勒和约翰·克里斯特曼对自我观和理性权威进行反思，进而推动了积极自由的当代阐释及发展。对积极自由的纵向分析有助于更全面地理解伯林积极自由观的本质和价值。伯林并未明确给出积极自由的定义，也未构建起一个系统的理论体系，这一缺失正是学界对其积极自由观产生多种解读并持续争论的根本原因。伯林批评积极自由的重要意义在于揭示了人们理解积极自由含义的三个关键要素：自我观、理性观和自我实现。这三者相互作用，共同塑造了积极自由观念的内涵。

 

A Study on Berlin's View on Positive Liberty: Historical Evolution And Contemporary Interpretations

Yao Xinzhong，Mao Xueting（Renmin University of China）

Abstract An analysis of Isaiah Berlin's view on positive liberty should be conducted within a historical dimension. Prior to Berlin, British idealists, represented by T.H. Green, laid the theoretical foundation for positive liberty and shaped its initial form later critiqued by Berlin. Berlin argued that in a specific historical con‐ text, positive liberty — originating from the desire to be the master of oneself — could evolve into an oppressive force when it is based on ''a divided self'' and guided by rationalist notions of the ''true self'' Berlin's critique prompted Charles Taylor and John Christman to reflect on the concept of self and the authority of reason, which spurred the modern interpretation and development of positive liberty. A vertical analysis of the evolution of positive liberty contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the essence and significance of Berlin's view on positive liberty. Notably, Berlin did not provide a clear definition of positive liberty, nor did he construct a systematic theoretical framework. This absence is precisely the fundamental reason why his conception of positive liberty has been subject to diverse interpretations and ongoing debates within academic circles. The significance of Berlin's critique lies in his identification of three key elements necessary for understanding positive liberty: the concept of the self, the notion of reason, and self-realization. These three elements interact and collectively shape the connotation of the idea of positive liberty.

Key words  Isaiah Berlin; positive liberty; a divided self; rationality; self-realization

 

■  作者简介 姚新中，中国人民大学吴玉章高级讲席教授，中国人民大学哲学院教授，北京 100872；毛雪婷（通讯作者），中国人民大学哲学院博士研究生。

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