作　者：张文喜
关键词：马克思；政治与哲学；《黑格尔法哲学批判》
摘　要：

人们对青年马克思在政治哲学传统中的定位颇有些踌躇：对哲学来说太过于政治，对政治来说则又太过于对当前意识中的现实敏感。海德格尔等人为马克思安置的位置，都是由此两端确定的。人们满足于想表明现实意识受制于形而上学的控制，同时又强化费尔巴哈哲学对所谓马克思人本政治的模塑。但是，政治与哲学的关系问题在马克思这里不仅比在黑格尔那里表现得更深刻、更激烈，而且展开得更恢宏。这个问题不能根据他对哲学反题体系的追求来定调，只能归结于他对哲学化的政治和革命化的政治的深化。在马克思这里，有一个隐而不彰的关于什么是好的政治的问题。一个反抗骄纵国家的世界必将无产阶级自由原则提升到人的实现的高度。所谓“马克思和黑格尔的问题”的意义不应归结到德国传统，而要归结到在英法寻找新的原则。马克思对黑格尔法哲学和功利主义的批判表明，理论在一国的实现和满足这个国家的要求必须避免一切形而上学的影响。

 

Understanding the Young Marx's Theory of Politics From The Perspective of "Good Politics"

Zhang Wenxi（Renmin University of China）

Abstract People have been somewhat hesitant in locating the young Marx in the tradition of political philosophy: he seems too political for philosophy, and yet too sensitive to the realities in current consciousness for politics. The positions that Heidegger and others have assigned to Marx are determined by these two extremes. People are content to show that practical consciousness is subject to the control of metaphysics, while at the same time reinforcing Feuerbachian philosophy in shaping the so-called humanistic politics of Marx. However, the relationship between politics and philosophy portrayed in Marx is not only more profound and intense than in Hegel, but also more grandly unfolded. This issue cannot be tuned according to his pursuit of the antithetical system of philosophy, but can only be attributed to his deepening of philosophized politics and revolutionary politics. In Marx, there is an implicit question about what good politics is. A world that rebels against an overbearing state will necessarily elevate the principle of proletarian freedom to the height of human fulfillment. The significance of the so-called "Marx and Hegel issue" should not be reduced to the German tradition, but sought in the search for new principles in England and France. Marx's critique of Hegel's philosophy of law and utilitarianism shows that the realization of theory in a nation and the fulfillment of that nation's requirements must avoid all metaphysical influences.

Key words  Marx; politics and philosophy; Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law

 

■  作者简介  张文喜，中国人民大学吴玉章高级讲席教授，中国人民大学哲学院教授，北京 100072。

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