作　者：班小辉
关键词：跨境远程工作；劳动争议；民事诉讼法；涉外管辖；最密切联系；强制性规范；法律适用
摘　要：

随着数字技术的快速发展，跨境远程工作在全球劳动力市场兴起，相关劳动争议引发了管辖与法律适用难题。欧盟、加拿大以及日本具有相对完备的涉外劳动争议管辖与法律适用体系，将境外雇主明确纳入管辖范围，为雇员设置了保护性管辖，并通过相对灵活的法律适用规则，确保准据法适用的合理性。相比之下，在应对此类跨法域争议问题上，我国制度存在对境外用人单位的管辖规则不明确、涉外劳动争议管辖规则的特殊性不足、法律适用规则的文义模糊等问题，不利于保障跨境远程工作劳动者的诉权，亦难以合理确定准据法。面对数字时代跨境远程工作的增长潜力，我国应加强跨境劳动争议治理体系建设，优化裁审衔接机制，基于劳动者相对弱势性细化管辖规则，并增强法律适用的合理性。

 

Institutional Challenges and Countermeasures for Labor

Disputes Arising from Cross-border Remote Work in China

Ban Xiaohui（Wuhan University）

Abstract With the rapid development of digital technology, cross-border telework is becoming increasingly prevalent in the global labor market, giving rise to complex challenges concerning jurisdiction and the application of law in related labor disputes. In response to such cross-jurisdictional issues, jurisdictions such as the European Union, Canada, and Japan have established relatively comprehensive systems governing the determination of jurisdiction and applicable laws in cross-border employment relationships. These systems explicitly include overseas employers within their regulatory scope, provide protective jurisdiction mechanisms in favor of employees, and adopt flexible rules to ensure the reasonableness of applicable laws. In contrast, China's current legal framework presents several shortcomings: jurisdictional rules for overseas employers remain vague, the unique characteristics of cross-border labor disputes are insufficiently addressed, and the language of applicable law provisions lacks clarity. These gaps hinder the effective protection of cross- border teleworkers' rights in legal proceedings and complicate the determination of governing laws. Given the potential significant growth of cross-border telework in the digital age, China should enhance its legal frame‐ work for resolving such disputes. This includes improving the coordination between arbitration and adjudication mechanisms, refining jurisdictional rules based on the relative vulnerability of workers, and ensuring the coherence and fairness of applicable law provisions.

Key words cross-border remote work; labor disputes; the civil procedure law; foreign-related jurisdiction; the closest connection; mandatory provision; applicable law

 

■    作者简介  班小辉，武汉大学法学院副教授，湖北 武汉 430072。

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