作　者：王子今
关键词：史学；视角；劳动；劳作；劳苦；社会生活
摘　要：

中国史学传统多专注于记述上层社会生活，尤其偏重政治史现象。然而，司马迁早年有“耕牧”经历，他在《史记》中对于“劳”这种生产和生活现象多有关注，甚至对先古圣王行政之“劳勤”也有所表扬。这种史学观察方式，后世史籍亦间或有所继承。史学史研究者应当注意这些情形。劳动、劳作与劳苦生活，是社会文化的惯常面貌，也是历史过往的连续镜像。聚焦政治史、经济史和生活史对相关现象的记录、考察、理解和说明，或许可以看作史学研究不可忽略的视角。劳动阶级的苦难，曾经被视为政治危机与社会动荡的因由，并往往因此引致民众暴动。避离总结农民战争史与王朝兴替的公式化、简单化的解说，以自然灾变、行政过失和战争危难为背景具体考察社会较宽广层面的劳苦生活，对于历史真实的认识，应当是有重要意义的。

 

The Significance of Labor History: Historiographical Focuses From Multiple Perspectives

Wang Zijin（Northwest University）

Abstract The tradition of Chinese historiography has been focused mostly on the life of the upper class, with a particular emphasis on political history. However, Sima Qian had "farming and herding" experience in his early years, so he paid much attention in Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian) to "labor" in both production and daily life, even commending the "industriousness" of ancient kings in governance. This historiographical approach has been occasionally found in subsequent historical works. Historiography researchers should pay attention to these aspects. Labor, toil, and arduous living conditions are the common facets of the society and culture, as well as the continuous reflections of the historical experiences. Focusing on the documentation, examination, appreciation and interpretation of relevant phenomena in the political history, economic history and social life history may be regarded as an indispensable perspective in historiographical studies. The misery of the working class was once seen as the cause of political crises and social unrest, and often led to popular uprisings. It should be of great significance to approach historical truth by avoiding the formulaic and simplistic explanations that summarize the history of the peasant wars and the rise and fall of dynasties, and instead examining the toiling life at a broader social scale against the background of natural disasters, administrative missteps, and war crises.

Key words  historiography; perspective; labor; work; toil; social life

 

■    作者简介  王子今，西北大学历史学院教授，中国人民大学国学院教授，古文字与中华文明传承发展工程协同攻关创新平台教授，陕西 西安 710069。

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