作　者：李建华 刘畅
关键词：人情主义；身份伦理；契约伦理；协调伦理学；新义务论
摘　要：

从身份到契约的伦理转型，说明现代社会本质上是基于个人权利建构的契约社会。不同于西方“权利—契约”伦理文化，中国自古有着浓郁的人情主义伦理传统。审察西方契约伦理生成和演进过程的复杂性、内在张力和现实困境，揭示现代契约伦理的理论内核、价值诉求，可以探索构建契约社会的多种可能进路，即西方“权利—契约”之外的一种或多种契约伦理的可能路径，如中国人情主义契约伦理的可能路径。这种可能性在于，它在满足本土化现实需要的同时，结合自由、平等和公共理性的价值理念来构建一种以责任为价值旨归的契约新理论。不同于以权利为目的的契约理论，以责任作为价值导向的契约论遵循的是主体间“互惠型”理论范式，一方面，它强调义务之于个人权利的对等性，另一方面，它注重个体情感之于义务、责任的奠基作用，以达到伦理的均衡性。从这个意义上来说，此种不单纯以权利为目的而强调权利与义务（责任）协调均衡的中国式契约主义，预示着中华民族开创的现代文明是基于义利统一的新契约文明。这是中华民族现代文明的重要组成部分。

 

Humanistic Ethics and Chinese-style Contract Theory

Li Jianhua（Wuhan University） Liu Chang（Central South University）

Abstract The ethical transformation from identity to contract indicates that the modern society is fundamentally a contractual society based on the foundation of individual rights. Unlike the Western “right-con‐ tract” ethical culture, China has a strong humanistic ethical tradition (with a focus on human relationships) since ancient times. By examining the complexity, inherent tension, and realistic dilemmas in the generation and evolution of Western contractual ethics to reveal the theoretical core and value proposition of modern contractual ethics, we can explore various possible approaches to building a contract society, an alternative or multiple contract ethics paths beyond the Western “rights-contract” paradigm, such as the Chinese humanistic contractual ethics. This possibility lies in the fact that it meets the localized practical needs while combining the values of freedom, equality, and public rationality to construct a new theory of contract with responsibility as the value orientation. Unlike the contractual theories that prioritize rights, the responsibility-oriented contractual theory follows the theoretical paradigm of “reciprocity” between subjects, which emphasizes the equivalence of obligations to individual rights and focuses on the foundational role of individual emotions in shaping obligations and responsibilities so as to achieve an ethical balance. In this sense, this Chinese-style contractualism that emphasizes the coordinated equilibrium between rights and obligations (responsibilities) instead of solely prioritizing rights, indicates that the modern civilization pioneered by the Chinese nation is a new contractual civilization based on the unity of righteousness and benefits, and has become a vital part of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

Key words  Humanism; identity ethics; contract ethics; coordinated ethics; new Deontology

 

■    作者简介 李建华，武汉大学哲学学院、应用伦理学研究中心教授；湖北 武汉430072；刘 畅，中南大学人文学院哲学系博士研究生；湖南 长沙 410083。

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