作　者：王卓群
关键词：马克思自由观；霍耐特；社会自由；社会合作
摘　要：

考察马克思自由观的主体间维度，有助于深化对自由人联合体、共同体等核心概念的认知，进而更完整地把握马克思的自由观。霍耐特的社会自由理论提供的视角，可以使这一维度得到突出呈现。社会自由意指，在主体与他者的互动关系中，双方将彼此的目的理解为自身的目的，因而能够在他者中保持自我存在，进而在这种合作性的互补关系中实现自由。霍耐特认为，资本主义市场经济所中介的社会关系可以被理解为合作性关系，因此，社会自由能在这一领域中得到实现。但这种观点既忽视了资本主义的系统整合和强制性面向，也错误地将个体之间的互相依赖关系直接理解为合作性关系。马克思深刻地认识到，唯有个体之间有意识地相互合作并自觉到这种非功利性的合作关系，且对彼此的行动及社会活动总体拥有透明的认知，自由才可能实现。显然，这在资本主义社会中无法完成。

 

On the Intersubjectivity Dimension of Marx's Conception of Freedom

An Analysis Based on the Concept of Social Freedom

Wang Zhuoqun（Wuhan University）

Abstract Identifying the intersubjectivity dimension of Marx's conception of freedom contributes to a deeper understanding of core concepts such as ''free association of individuals'' and ''community'', thereby enabling a more comprehensive understanding of Marx's theory of freedom. The dimension could be well high‐ lighted from the perspective of Axel Honneth's conception of social freedom. Social freedom, according to Honneth, is realized in the interaction between individuals, where each individual recognizes the other's goals as their own, thereby ''being with oneself in an Other''. It is through this cooperative, complementary relation‐ ship that individuals achieve freedom. Honneth argues that the social relations mediated by the capitalist market economy can be understood as cooperative relationships, suggesting that social freedom can be realized within this sphere. However, this view overlooks the system integration and coercive aspects of capitalism and mistakenly interprets the interdependence between individuals as inherently cooperative. Marx profoundly recognizes that freedom can only be achieved when individuals consciously engage in a non-utilitarian mode of cooperation, and possess a transparent understanding of each other's actions and of social activity as a whole. This is clearly unattainable within capitalist society.

Key words  Marx's conception of freedom; Honneth; social freedom; social cooperation

 

■    作者简介  王卓群，武汉大学哲学学院博士后，湖北 武汉430072。

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