作　者：张红 叶竞欧
关键词：神经信息；脑机接口；神经信息隐私；神经数据；人格权；生命数字化
摘　要：

脑机接口技术能直接探知和反映人类的意识活动，这一划时代的技术变革对自然人的人格权益构成严重威胁。神经信息是由脑机接口设备采集的意识活动信息，现行规范可由神经信息切入，从多个层次应对脑机接口的技术冲击。从整体上看，所有神经信息都构成《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》第4 条第1 款所规定的个人信息，其原则上均受《个人信息保护法》调整。具有私密性的神经信息构成《中华人民共和国民法典》第1032 条第2 款所规定的隐私，自然人可依隐私权人的身份，行使相应的人格权请求权、侵权责任请求权和违约责任请求权。大规模聚合的匿名化神经信息构成神经数据，神经数据持有者可依一般性的数据规范，享有相应的神经数据持有权、加工使用权和产品经营权，并承担神经数据安全的保障义务。

 

Legal Protection of Neural Information: Personal Information, Privacy and Data

Zhang Hong，Ye Jing'ou (Wuhan University)

Abstract Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology can directly detect and reflect human conscious activities, and this epoch-making technological revolution poses a serious threat to the personality rights and interests of natural persons. Since the conscious activities are collected by BCI devices as neural information, current regulations can address the technological impact of BCI from multiple levels by focusing on neural in‐ formation. From an overall perspective, all neural information constitutes personal information as stipulated in Paragraph 1 of Article 4 of the Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, and is in principle subject to regulation under the law. Moreover, neural information with a private nature constitutes privacy as stipulated in Paragraph 2 of Article 1032 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China. Natural persons, as privacy rights holders, can exercise corresponding personality rights claims, tort liability claims, and breach of contract claims. Large-scale aggregated anonymized neural information constitutes neural data, and holders of neural data can enjoy corresponding neural data holding rights, processing and use rights, and product management rights in accordance with general data regulations, and bear the obligation to ensure neural data security.

Key words neural information; brain-computer interface; neural information privacy; neural data; personality rights; life digitalization

 

■    作者简介 张 红，武汉大学法学院教授，湖北 武汉 430072；叶竞欧，武汉大学法学院博士研究生。

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