作　者：孙晋 马姗姗
关键词：数据要素市场；数据开放；隐私保护；有效竞争；数据互操作；数据垄断；数字竞争规则
摘　要：

数据是数字经济发展的重要驱动力，数字平台之间的竞争大多围绕数据展开。为释放数据要素价值、规范数字市场竞争，数据开放与隐私保护几乎同时进入反垄断法的视野。数据开放试图以恢复性救济化解数据垄断难题，隐私保护作为竞争考量因素也被纳入反垄断法的规制框架，然而二者在反垄断实践中常难两全。作为反垄断救济措施的数据开放可能因权利保障不足、责任缺位等造成隐私泄漏与侵犯；隐私保护也可被头部平台企业作为拒绝数据开放的竞争抗辩理由。这实质上是数据双重属性、数据主体价值取向差异以及数据竞争行为规制局限性等多重因素共同作用的结果。反垄断法的多维调整目标与数据开放隐私保护二者协调的底层逻辑具有共通性，兼顾市场竞争与规模经济的有效竞争理论可作为冲突调和的基本向导。在此基础上，进行适度的数据开放和合理的隐私保护，方能寻求并实现二者之间的最佳平衡。

 

On Conflict and Adaptation of Data Sharing and Privacy Protection from Antitrust Perspective

Sun Jin，Ma Shanshan（Wuhan University）

Abstract Data is a critical driver for digital economy and competitions between digital platforms often revolve around it. Both data sharing and privacy protection have become the key issues in antitrust law to activate the value of data elements and regulate data market competition, with data sharing being an antitrust remedy and privacy protection a competition factor taken into consideration. However, antitrust practices find it difficult to balance the two: data sharing may lead to privacy threats due to insufficient protection of rights or any absence of regulation, while leading platforms may cite privacy concerns to resist data sharing. This tension arises from the combination of various factors such as the dual nature of data, differing approaches by data entities, and regulatory limitations of data competitions. The commonality between antitrust goals for multi-dimension adjustments and the need to balance data sharing with privacy protection suggests that a theory of workable competition, which harmonizes market competition with economies of scale, can ease the tension. Achieving an optimal balance requires moderate data sharing alongside appropriate privacy protection.

Key words data factor market; data sharing; privacy protection; workable competition; data interoperability; data monopoly; digital competition rules

 

■作者简介 孙 晋，武汉大学法学院教授，湖北 武汉 430072；马姗姗，武汉大学法学院博士研究生。

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