作　者：刘燕舞
关键词：长寿内卷化；农村高龄老年人；生活风险；长寿红利；长寿风险；社会压力转移； 新家庭结构；家风建设
摘　要：

进入长寿时代后，农村老年人在其高龄阶段的生命历程中，会遭遇各种负性生活事件。伴随其机体衰退，他们会不可避免地坠入巨大的生活风险之中。结合中国传统的老龄观，通过对“内卷化”这一概念的辨析和创造性转化，可以构建“长寿内卷化”的概念，以理解当前农村高龄老年人的生活风险状态。当高龄老年人的生命历程步入内卷点之后，其寿命虽然仍然在延长，但由于各种负性生命事件的发生和影响，生命质量却开始下滑，与理想状态相反的是，这段生命历程将持续进入病寿、苦寿、辱寿等单一存在或同时并存的生活风险状态；当这一曲线下滑至接近生命质量轴的交叉点时，它意味着高龄老年人生命主动或被动的终结。支撑从长寿内卷化到生活风险发生的机制是，城镇化进程带来的社会压力通过环状结构的新家庭结构形式向高龄老年人转移。秉持积极老龄观，加强政策干预，实现长寿去内卷化，是长寿时代所必需面对的重要议题。作为一个分析性概念的“长寿内卷化”，不仅对理解当前农村高龄老年人的生活风险具有理论意义和政策意义，将来也同样适用于分析城市高龄老年人的生活风险状况。

 

On Involution of Longevity

Liu Yanwu（Wuhan University）

Abstract After entering the era of longevity, rural elderly people will encounter various negative life events during their advanced stages of life and with their physical function decline, they will inevitably succumb to huge risks in life. Based on traditional Chinese views on aging, this paper constructs involution of longevity through analysis and creative transformation about the classic concept of involution, in order to understand the current life risks of the rural elderly people. When the elderly people reach the threshold of involution, they still enjoy their prolonged life, but the life quality decreases due to the occurrence and effect of various negative life events. Contrary to the ideal state, this life course will be characterized with a long-term coexistence with risks such as diseases, sufferings, and disgrace. When this curve descends to the intersection of the axis of quality life, it means the time for the proactive or passive end of life comes. The mechanism  that supports the transition from the involution of longevity to the occurrence of life risks is that the societal pressure generated by urbanization is transferred to the elderly through a new circular family structure. Adhering to a positive outlook on aging and strengthening policy intervention for achieving the process of deinvolution of longevity is an important issue which must be faced in the era of longevity. As an analytical concept, involution of longevity not only has theoretical and policy significance for understanding the life risks of rural elderly people, but also can be applied to the analysis of urban elderly people in the future.

Key words involution of longevity; older elders in rural areas; life risks; longevity dividend; longevity risk; social stress transferred; new family structure; family tradition construction

■作者简介 刘燕舞，武汉大学社会学院教授，湖北 武汉 430072。

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