作　者：江畅
关键词：西方政治哲学；国家；理想社会；政体合理性；权力合法性
摘　要：

从历史上看，西方政治哲学的情形十分复杂，它从来没有某种共同的研究范式，甚至同一个学派的政治哲学家亦是如此。西方政治哲学一般是指轴心时代以来在西方社会不同历史时期产生的，具有西方文化背景和文化根基，对当时和后世产生过一定影响，至今仍然具有重要价值或启示意义的各种理论形态的政治哲学，包含元理论、基本理论和应用理论三个基本层次。它们以国家为主要研究对象，运用哲学思辨方法研究理想社会、社会公正、政体和制度的合理性、权力的合法性及其制约、法治的重要性及其与自然法的关系、公民社会及其与国家的关系、公民的德性和权利等重点问题，旨在给国家治理和政治生活提供规范和指导。西方政治哲学历史悠久、内容丰富、观点纷呈，与同样历史悠久的中国政治哲学相比较，具有历史发展的多源性和断裂性、理论根基的多变性和迥异性、思想旨趣的理想性和实践性以及学术观点的多元性和对立性等标志性总体特征。

 

The Overall Characteristics and Multiple Implications Of Western Political Philosophy

Jiang Chang（Central China Normal University）

Abstract Historically speaking, the complicity of Western political philosophy lies in the fact that there has never been a common research paradigm, not even among philosophers of the same school. Western political philosophy generally refers to a variety of theoretical forms of political philosophy at three primary levels of meta theory, basic theory and application theory, that have emerged in different historical periods of western society since the Axial Age, with Western cultural background and cultural foundation, have had certain impact on the time and later ages, and are still of significant value or inspiration to this day. Taking the state as the main research object, they mainly use philosophical speculations to study such key issues as the ideal society, social justice, the rationality of regimes and systems, the legitimacy and restriction of power, the importance of the rule of law and its relationship with natural law, civil society and its relationship with the state, and citizens' virtue and rights, so as to provide norms and guidance for national governance and political life. With a long history, rich content and diverse views, Western political philosophy, compared with equally time honored Chinese politics, has taken on the overall characteristics of heterogeneity and incontinuity in historical development, variability and diversity of theoretical foundation, ideality and practicality in ideological purport, multiplicity and opposition of academic views, and so on.

Key words Western political philosophy; country; ideal society; rationality of regime; legitimacy of power

 

■ 作者简介 江 畅，哲学博士，华中师范大学政治学部政治哲学研究中心教授；湖北 武汉 430079。

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