作　者：曹炜
关键词：禁食野生动物；野生动物养殖；《野生动物保护法》；公共卫生；公共安全；法政策；动物福利立法
摘　要：

基于立法活动的特殊性，野生动物禁食立法应当遵循以下要求：一是尽量使用解释、填补、续造等方法延续旧法的生命，加强与其他立法的衔接；二是选择合适的规制手段和规制环节，以降低法律实施成本；三是将道德判断和法律判断相分离，避免道德判断穿透规范体系；四是兼顾弱势群体利益，减轻立法对相关主体的不利影响。依据上述要求，《野生动物保护法》修改时应当将禁止食用范围限制为所有野外自然生长繁殖的野生动物以及没有合法来源的人工繁育和饲养的野生动物；将规制重心置于捕猎、运输、经营等前端环节，规定国益诉讼条款并且允许合理先占；对以残忍的、令人不适的方式食用野生动物的行为进行处罚；将已经形成疫病防控体系的陆生野生动物尽快纳入《国家畜禽遗传资源目录》，对没有形成疫病防控体系的陆生野生动物停止繁育和养殖，但是要对有证养殖和无证养殖区别对待。

 

Jurisprudential Analysis and Legislation Suggestion on Legislation Prohibiting Consumption of Wild Animals

Cao Wei (Renmin University of China)

 

Abstract Legislation on prohibiting consumption of wild animals should meet the following requirements based on the special nature of legislative activities. The current law should continue to apply through interpretation, filling and renewal to strengthen the interface with other legislations. Appropriate regulatory instruments and links should be adopted to reduce law enforcement costs. Moral judgments should be separated from legal judgments to avoid the penetration of moral judgments into the normative system. The interests of vulnerable groups need to be accommodated in order to mitigate the adverse effects on the subjects involved. With the consideration of the above requirements, the amendment of the Wild Animal Conservation Law should limit the scope of the consumption prohibition to all wild animals that grow naturally in the wild and those artificially bred and raised without legal sources. The core of legislative regulation should be placed on the front-end sectors such as hunting, transportation and operation. The national interest litigation and reason‐ able acquisition through first possession should be stipulated. Punishment should be specified for consuming wild animals in a cruel and uncomfortable way. Terrestrial wild animals with animal disease prevention and control system should be incorporated into the National Catalogue of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources as soon as possible whereas the breeding and cultivating of terrestrial wild animals without such a system should be stopped, but with different treatment according to the holding or non-holding of a breeding certificate.

Key words   prohibition on consumption of wild animals；wildlife breeding；Wild Animal Conservation Law；public health；public safety；legal policy；animal welfare legislation

 

■  作者简介 曹 炜，法学博士，中国人民大学法学院副教授，中国人民大学食品安全治理协同创新中心研究员；北京100086。

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