作　者：汪霞
关键词：公共行政科学；身份危机；“达尔三问”；统一价值论；科学
摘　要：

公共行政学的学科属性涉及对科学这一复杂概念的不同理解。从主流科学的概念及研究标准来看，公共行政学是以实证主义方法论为基础、探求公共管理中具有因果联系和一般通性与规律的科学，这个界定既符合公共行政学发展的初衷，也与当前中国的公共行政管理实践需求相吻合。在公共行政学发展的百余年历史中，早期威尔逊、韦伯、古利克、厄威克、西蒙等人对公共行政某些原则、共性的探讨促成和推动了公共行政学的诞生和发展。然而，著名的“达尔三问”涉及如何看待公共行政中的规范价值，如何较充分地认识公共行政领域中人的行为，如何独立于各国的社会环境发现范围更广泛、普遍正确的三个重要原则问题。“统一价值论”把价值视为推动耗散结构有序化进程的能量，它以自然科学的基本公理为前提，用逻辑推理和数学运算的方法来精确计算价值大小，解释价值现象，以此理论为视角能有效解答达尔的三个疑问，对于推进公共行政科学的进一步发展、融通公共行政学规范研究与实证研究之争、缓解公共行政学的身份危机亦有积极作用。

 

The Revival of Public Administration Science: From the Perspective of Unified Axiology

Wang Xia（Hubei University）

 

Abstract The definition and categorization of public administration science depends on the different understandings of the complex concept of science. From the mainstream definition of science and its research standard, public administration science is a science based on the methodology of positivism, exploring the knowledge of causality, generality and law in public administration. This definition of public administration science accords with both the original intention of public administration and the present practical needs in China. Many early scholars, such as Woodrow Wilson, Max Weber, Franklin Willoughby, Lyndall Urwick, and Herbert A. Simo have discussed some commonness and principles of public administration in its history of more than 100 years, which have greatly promoted the development of public administrative science. However, the famous Dahl's three problems, involving how to treat the normative value, the human behavior and the social environment in public administration, have posed great difficulties that cannot be bypassed during the development of public administration science. Using the theory of unified axiology that defines the value from the perspective of physics, Dahl's three problems can be explained effectively, and this theory also plays a positive role in promoting the further development of public administration science, integrating the dispute between normative and empirical research and alleviating the identity crisis of public administration science.

Key words public administration science; identity crisis; Dahl's three problems; unified axiology; discipline

 

■  作者简介 汪  霞，管理学博士，湖北大学公共管理学院副教授、硕士生导师，华中科技大学国家治理研究院、国家治理湖北省协同创新中心研究员，湖北大学县域治理研究院研究员；湖北 武汉 430061。

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