作　者：陈望衡
关键词：《春秋》“三传”；家国礼仪；华夏美学；孔子
摘　要：

《春秋》“三传”（《公羊传》《谷梁传》《左传》）含有一些重要的美学思想，如春秋笔法、“大一统”论、家国情怀、以礼为本、以美成礼、礼乐彬彬、审美标准、自然审美，等等。“三传”坚持妙语诱人的原则，不直说而曲说，不明说而隐说，不重说而轻说，不正说而反说，都具有一定的美学追求。“三传”中，家国情怀观是中国美学的灵魂，既重视家庭伦理，又重视国家礼制，并以国家礼制为重；仁使礼成为社会审美的核心，美的仪式感成就了礼；礼与乐配合， 体现出善与美的统一。“三传”提出了“顺”（自然）“和”等审美标准，记录了一些自然景物，透露出一些自然审美的观点，并指出华夏重在文化上的先进，中国美学精神之源在华夏。这些在某种意义上可以看作儒家政治美学之源。

 

Political Aesthetic Thoughts in the Three Chuan to The Springs and Autumns

Chen Wangheng（Wuhan University）

 

Abstract  The books of the three Chuan to The Springs and Autumns (Kun-yang-Chuan, Ku-liang-Chuan, Tso-Chuan) contain some significant aesthetic thoughts, such as the three Chuan to The Springs and Autumns Writing Method, the Theory of Great Unity, the emotion of "Family-Country", the ritual as the basis, beauty into ritual, refined rites and music, aesthetic criteria and natural aesthetics, which can be regarded as the origins of Confucianist political aesthetics as shall be discussed in the following. The first is the description way from the three Chuan to The Springs and Autumns Writings of the three Chuan to The Springs and Autumns insist on using metaphors and understatements to imply serious affairs, and such way of description indicated the pursuit for aesthetics. The second is the perspective of grand unification, unification on the level of Huaxia. The civilization of Huaxia is more advanced, and is the source of Chinese aesthetics. The third is the feelings of family and nation. It emphasized on ethics of the family and rites of the nation, and the latter weighted more than the former. Feelings of family and nation are considered to be the spirit of Chinese aesthetics. The fourth is seeing rites as foundation. The essence of rites is benevolence. It is benevolence that promoted rites to become the core of public's aesthetics. The fifth, beauty made rites, and the ceremonial ways of beauty built the aesthetics of rites. The sixth, rites and music combining with each other, presented the unity of the good and the beauty. The seventh, criterion of aesthetics, the three Chuan to The Springs and Autumns proposed the criterion of aesthetics such as Shun, He, and so on. The eighth, the aesthetics of nature. The three Chuan to The Springs and Autumns recorded some natural scenery which implied some opinions about the beauty of nature.

Key words   the three Chuan to The Springs and Autumns；the country etiquette；aesthetics of China；Confucius

 

■  作者简介 陈望衡，哲学博士，武汉大学哲学学院教授、博士生导师；湖北 武汉 430072。

 

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