作　者：戴茂堂 葛梦喆
关键词：哲学的普遍性；哲学的主观普遍性；哲学的客观普遍性
摘　要：

哲学是面向普遍性问题的。哲学思想越是具有面向普遍性问题的解释力，就越接近真理和智慧。哲学面向普遍性问题常常遭遇两个“两难”。一个两难是由差异性与普遍性之间的紧张产生的，涉及哲学如何去回应亚里士多德说的“哲学始于惊异”以及海德格尔所说的“哲学本质上就是令人惊讶的”；另一个两难是由客观普遍性与主观普遍性之间的紧张产生的，涉及哲学如何去回应康德说的“两个普遍性”。破解第一个两难的关键在于努力在普遍性与差异性之间保持张力；破解第二个两难的关键在于重新评估科学意义上的客观普遍性。关切哲学的普遍性面向问题，能够启迪我们重建普遍性与特殊性之间的张力关系，在保护特殊性的前提下承担起维护公共性的重任。

 

Inquiry Concerning Universal Orientation of Philosophy

Dai Maotang，Ge Mengzhe（Hubei University）

Abstract Philosophy is oriented towards the question of universality. In western philosophy, the more explanatory power towards universal problems philosophical thoughts have, the closer they are to truth and wisdom. When facing the problem of universality, philosophy often encounters two ''dilemmas''. The first "dilemma" arises from the tension between particularity and universality, which is about how philosophy responds to what Aristotle said, ''philosophy begins with wonder'' and what Heidegger said, ''philosophy is intrinsically surprising''. The other ''dilemma'' arises from the tension between objective universality and subjective universality, concerning philosophy's responses to what Kant said about ''the two universalities.'' The key to breaking through the first dilemma is to try to maintain a tension between universality and particularity. The key to solving the second dilemma is to reassess the objective universality of science. In today's globalized world, as two ''different but connected'' forces, particularity and universality are carrying out a difficult integration. Focusing on the universal orientation of philosophy can enlighten us to reconstruct the tension between universality and particularity, and undertake the important task of maintaining universality while protecting particularity.

Key words         philosophical universality；subjective universality of philosophy；objective universality of philosophy

 

■作者简介 戴茂堂，哲学博士，湖北大学哲学学院教授、博士生导师，湖北省道德与文明研究中心研究员；湖北 武汉  430062；葛梦喆，湖北大学哲学学院博士研究生。

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