作　者：姚新中
关键词：政治文明；政治合法性；伦理重构；公平正义；核心价值
摘　要：

政治合法性在深层次上是一个伦理问题，是一个如何确立和理解政治核心价值、如何为多种价值排序的问题。政治合法性的论证就是论证特定政体、政制、政策的合理性、正当性或合价值性。政治合法性包含的伦理内涵可以从中外文明视角来梳理，指向两大价值群：一个是以人类福祉为核心的基础价值群，一个是以社会公正或正义为核心的目标价值群。其论证则可以沿着两条路径进行：一是为政治权力的来源、获得、维系、更新而进行的本源性论证，一是为建构政治权力结构、行使政治权力的方式方法辩护的后果性论证。历史和现实中这两类论证时常被割裂开来，从而使合法性论证或者走向独断论，或者趋于相对主义。要避免这两种倾向，我们就必须把本源性与后果性论证结合起来，重构作为现代社会基本构成机制和人类文明核心价值与精神的政治合法性中民主与法治、富强与公正、平等与自由的统一。

 

An Ethical Study of Political Legitimacy  from the Perspectives of Chinese and Western Civilizations

Yao Xinzhong（Renmin University of China）

Abstract   This article aims to examine the ethical implications of political legitimacy and to argue that political legitimacy is in essence an issue of ethical values, a question of how to establish, understand and rank the core values in politics. The argument of political legitimacy is to justify the rationality, reasonability and justifiability of a particular political regime, constitution or policy. The ethical implications of political legitimacy can be investigated in terms of two groups of core values from the perspectives of Chinese and western civilizations. One is the foundational value group that is based on human wellbeing, and the other is the teleological value group that is focused on justice. Justification of political legitimacy is usually to follow two routes: the original justification for the sourcing, obtaining, sustaining and renewing of the political power, and the consequential justification for the ways or manners to construct political structure and execute political power. These two routes are often consciously or unconsciously divided and separated both in history and in the contemporary world, leading to either extreme dogmatism or relativism. Therefore, it is concluded that these two routes of justification should be combined to provide the justifiable legitimacy for modern politics, and that democracy and rule of law, prosperity and justice, and equality and liberty must be united in order to establish the just political structure and mechanism as the core value and spirit of human civilization.

Key words   political civilization；political legitimacy；ethical reconstruction equality and justice；core values

 

■ 作者简介  姚新中，哲学博士，中国人民大学伦理学与道德建设研究中心研究员；北京 100872。

 

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