作　者：冉克平
关键词：执行异议之诉；不动产买受人；不动产登记；物权期待权；商品房消费者；借名 购房；《民法典》
摘　要：

 不动产买受人执行异议之诉涉及买受人、申请执行人以及债务人三方利益的权衡，实体与程序交织，效率与公平互现。“执行异议复议”赋予不动产买受人与商品房消费者优先于债务人的金钱债权人的法律地位，无法透过事实物权说、法律物权说、中间权利说以及物权期待理论进行正当化阐释，是司法实践为回应长期以来不动产登记现状而采取的合乎实质正义的权宜之计。随着不动产登记制度的确立，在执行异议之诉时应当废除一般买受人排除强制执行的法律地位，保留商品房消费者在法定条件下享有足以排除强制执行的民事权益，以保障住房消费者的生存利益。在借名购房的情形中，尽管房屋的所有权归属在实体法上存在较大分歧，但在程序法上基于执行异议之诉的实质审查原则，借名人对被执行标的享有的权益足以排除金钱债权人的强制执行。

 

The Legal Status of the Buyer of Real Estates in The Civil Code

Based on the Revision of "Enforcement Objection and Reconsideration" 


Ran Keping(Wuhan University) 


Abstract The enforcement objection lawsuit of real estate buyer involves the consideration of the interests of the buyer, the applicant for execution and the debtor. The entity and the procedure are intertwined, and efficiency and fairness are mutually present. "Enforcement objection and reconsideration" grants buyers of re‐ al estate and consumers of commercial houses the legal status of priority over debtors as money creditors. However, it cannot be justified through the doctrine of factual real rights, legal real rights, intermediate rights and the expectancy theory of real rights. It is judicial practice, as an expedient measure of substantive justice, that responds to the long-term status quo of real estate registration. With the establishment of the real estate registration system, the legal status of general buyers to exclude compulsory execution should be abolished in enforcement objection lawsuits. Consumers of commercial houses are retained to have civil rights and inter‐ ests sufficient to exclude enforcement under statutory conditions in order to protect their survival interests. In the case of buying a house in other’s name, although the ownership of the house is quite different in the sub‐ stantive law, the procedural law is based on the principle of substantive examination of the enforcement objec‐ tion lawsuits, and thus, the rights and interests enjoyed by the nominal buyer are sufficient to preclude the en‐ forcement by the money creditor.

Key words enforcement objection lawsuit; real estate buyer; real estate registration; ownership contin‐ gent right; buyer of commercial houses; buy a house in other's name; The Civil Code

 

■ 作者简介 冉克平，法学博士，武汉大学法学院教授、博士生导师；湖北 武汉 430072。

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