作　者：张文喜
关键词：高等教育；大众教育；精英教育；平等；政治哲学
摘　要：

 随着欧美大众高等教育取代大学精英主义，通过大学教育促进社会平等的理念遭遇了政治哲学的拷问。反思已有的大学理念需要借助当代文教哲学精神。高等教育的精英主义化和大众化理念之间的争辩实质上是关于人的教育方式的两条不同路径之争。对此，哲学方面的怀疑主义甚或虚无主义把“天才”或个别天赋孤立起来并使之相互对立，教育的形而上学在这方面则有过之而无不及。它们必定会制造一种比人口数量极化或不同阶层之间的分裂更为内在的分裂，其本身使天赋和教育造成的差别得不到真切的理解。对大学教育理念的批判性研究表明，西方社会多次失败于那些精英应用人文社会科学以求平等结果的尝试。今天，西方的大学教育已成为“混乱的”民主的渊薮。大众高等教育无力摆脱这种伪造关于天才、大众社会、文化、国家等与教育之间虚假同一性学说的理论困境。唯有恢复或达到人和环境与教育间的辩证关系的定位，才能消除这里的矛盾。实践在不断提醒这样的定位，工人阶级则是对这种定位的承诺。 

 

Philosophical Reflection on Equal Political Utopia Of Mass Higher Education

Zhang Wenxi (Renmin University of China)

 

Abstract With the negation of elitism by mass higher education in Europe and the US, the concept of promoting social equality through university education has been criticized by political philosophy. To reflect on the existing university concept needs contemporary cultural and educational philosophy. In the debate on the concept of university education, elitism and popularization are essentially in the tension about the way of human education. In this aspect, Skepticism or even Nihilism, as well as metaphysics, isolate “genius” or individual talent and make them opposite to each other. They are bound to create a more internal division than population polarization or division between different classes. In itself, the distinction between talent and education cannot be truly understood. A critical study on the concept of university education shows western society has failed in the elite’s attempt to apply humanities and social sciences for equal results. Nowadays, western university education has become a source of “chaotic” democracy. Mass higher education is unable to get rid of the theoretical dilemma on fabricating a false identity theory among genius, mass society, culture, state and education. Only by recovering or achieving the goal can the contradiction be eliminated by the orientation of dialectical relationship between man, environment and education. Educational practice constantly reminds us of such a orientation, and the working class is a commitment to it.

Key words         higher education; public education; elite education; equality; political philosophy

 

■作者简介 张文喜，哲学博士，中国人民大学哲学院教授、博士生导师；北京 100872。

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