作　者：张红
关键词：人格权体系；人格权请求权；人格财产利益许可使用；违约精神损害赔偿；《民法典》；人格权编
摘　要：

独立的人格权编成就了中国《民法典》独特的七编制法典体例，首开世界民事立法之先河，是世界人格权保护立法的典范，彰显了现代化人格权保护模式。人格权编将成熟的具体人格权法定化，在保持各具体人格权概念外延开放性的同时，以“人身自由 + 人格尊严”为基础建立一般人格权保护，双管齐下保护新型人格利益，面向未来社会发展保持人格权体系的包容性。人格权遭受损害便难以恢复原状的特点决定了人格权保护要注重事前防御，人格权编构建了全面的人格权请求权体系，形成了“事前防御 + 事后救济”的完整权利保护方案，使得人格权请求权与物权请求权等量齐观，完善了现代民法请求权体系。人格权具有精神利益和财产利益，人格财产利益许可使用是人格权重要的积极权能，是对传统人格权单一伦理性认识的再发展。人格权侵害救济制度对侵害人格权的认定作出区别处理，同时规定了合理使用制度，以期在人格权保护与社会公共利益之间寻求平衡。人格权编创新性地规定违约精神损害赔偿制度，贯彻了权益充分救济的理念，有利于人格权的周全保护，拓展了我国损害赔偿法的新空间。

The System Construction of the General Provisions of Personality Rights in The Civil Code

Zhanghong (Wuhan University)

 

Key words  The independent compilation of personality rights has achieved the unique seven compilation styles of China’s Civil Code. It is the pioneer of the world’s civil legislation, a model of the world’s legislation on the protection of personality rights, and shows the modern protection mode of personality rights. The compilation of personality rights legalizes the mature specific human rights, maintains the openness of the extension of each specific human right concept, constructs the general human rights based on “personal freedom + human dignity” to protect new personal interests, and maintains the openness and inclusiveness of the human rights system for future social development. The difficulty to restore the damaged personality right to its original state determines that the protection of personality rights should pay attention to defense in advance. The system of personality rights has constructed a comprehensive system of personality rights claim, forming a complete scheme of “defense in advance + relief after the event”, which makes the personality right claim and the real right claim equal in quantity, and improves the civil law claim system. The right of personality has both spiritual interests and property interests. The use of the right of personality property interests is an important positive power of the right of personality and the redevelopment of the rational understanding of the traditional right of personality. The system of relief for infringement of personality rights makes a distinction between the recognition of infringement of personality rights and provides a reasonable use system in order to find a balance between the protection of personality rights and social public interest. The system of compensation for spiritual damage caused by breach of contract is an innovation in the compilation of personality rights, implementing the idea of full relief of rights and interests, is conducive to the comprehensive protection of personality rights, and expands the new space of China’s law of compensation for damage.

Key words system of personality right; right of personality claim; economic utilization of personality interest; spiritual damage by breaching contract; The Civil Code; personality right law

 

■ 作者简介 张  红，法学博士，武汉大学法学院教授、博士生导师；湖北 武汉 430072。

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