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基因工程的伦理动机与消极后果预防发布时间:2020-09-01  点击数:
作 者:何怀宏
关键词:基因工程;基因编辑;遗传学;新兴技术;科技伦理;风险防控
摘 要:

面对带来难于预测后果的新兴技术的迅速发展,现代伦理需要增加一种“提前性”,即加强动机溯源和后果预测。基因工程因为涉及人类的生命、特性和遗传方面的改造,关系尤其重大。在这方面,理想的尤其是完美主义的目的也许并不能带来好的结果,而人们出于现实的复杂动机的、用于人体尤其是生殖细胞的基因编辑实验更是风险巨大。防范这些风险不能只寄希望于科学家的自律,更需要政府加强法律的监管。这同时也迫切需要现代伦理为之提供原则的理据,归纳分析各种行为可能的动机和预防的手段,包括恰当地认识人的本性和人在宇宙中的位置。

 

Ethical Motivations and Prevention of Negative Consequences in Genetic Engineering

He Huaihong (Peking University)

 

Abstract In the face of the rapid development of emerging technologies that may bring unpredictable consequences, modern ethics needs to add a kind of “advance”, that is, to strengthen motivation tracing and consequence prediction. In this regard, genetic engineering is of particular relevance because of its concern about the transformation of human life, characteristics and genetics. Ideal, especially perfectionist motives may not yield good results. In reality, gene editing experiments for humans, especially reproductive cells, are even more risky, as they are motivated by people’s complex motives. Preventing these risks cannot depend on scientists’ self-discipline alone, but requires stronger supervision of the government and society. There is also an urgent need for modern ethics to provide rationale for the principles to this end, and to summarize and analyze possible motivations and preventive means, including a proper understanding of human nature and his place in the universe.

Key words genetic engineering; gene editing; emerging technologies; technological ethics; risk prevention and control

 

作者简介 何怀宏,哲学博士,北京大学哲学系教授、博士生导师;北京 100871。


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