作　者：张原
关键词：减贫效应；对外援助；对外直接投资（FDI）；门槛回归模型；扶贫
摘　要：

 “中国式扶贫”以政府为主导、以市场为杠杆，采用基础设施建设先行、财政补贴和开发式扶贫共同推进的模式。中国与其他发展中国家的合作减贫也具备这些特征：中国以援助和投资并举的方式推动对外减贫，基础设施建设是对外减贫的主要领域，政府和国有企业在其中发挥主导作用，同时采取多方资金参与的市场化方式推进合作开发。实证研究表明，中国援助与投资总体上有助于降低发展中国家的贫困发生率，但不同类型的援助和投资具有不同的减贫效应，“中国式扶贫”的特征要素在对外合作减贫中仍能发挥作用。尽管如此，援助和投资减贫的有效性与受援国及东道国的政府治理有效性、市场效率有关，在合作减贫过程中加强政府治理能力和市场制度建设是落后国家借鉴中国经验、实现脱贫的根本途径。

 

Can “Chinese Poverty Alleviation” be Exported?

Poverty Reduction Effect of China’s Assistance and FDI in Developing Countries

Zhang Yuan (China University of Labor Relations)

Abstract  The “Chinese poverty alleviation” with the characteristics of government as the leadership, market as the lever, infrastructure construction as the guide has manifested these features in the outside world: China contributes to poverty alleviation in developing countries by the way of assistance and FDI with the main force of government and the state-owned enterprises, takes the various social financing channels as an important market-oriented way, and also takes the infrastructure construction as the major area of poverty reduction. The empirical study of 2005–2014 shows that China’s assistance and FDI help to reduce poverty in developing countries, and different types of assistance and FDI generate different poverty reduction effects, OOF, commercial and mixed assistance, infrastructure, science, education and other humanities’ assistance, and FDI of state-owned enterprises, engineering contracts, green land investment, infrastructure, education and healthy investment have significant poverty reduction effect, so the characteristics of “Chinese poverty alleviation” still play a important role in poverty alleviation in other developing countries. Although China’s assistance and FDI can help to reduce poverty in developing countries as a whole, its effect is related to the efficiency of public system, market system and the existing infrastructure level of the recipient and host countries. The threshold regression shows that China’s assistance and FDI can help other countries to improve their development level, but they are invalid for those developing countries with insufficient government governance and poor efficiency in goods market, labor market and capital market, therefore the export and implementation of “Chinese poverty alleviation” is conditional.

Key words      effect of poverty reduction; foreign assistance; FDI; threshold regression model; poverty alleviation

 

■    作者简介 张 原，经济学博士，中国劳动关系学院劳动关系系教授；北京 100048。

 

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