作　者：张中祥
关键词：中国对外援助；政府开发援助；受援国；经济合作与发展组织（OECD）
摘　要：

中国对外援助在有效帮助受援国减少贫困、改善民生、增强自主发展能力上发挥了重要作用。但近年来，随着中国经济实力增强和国际影响力提升，中国对外援助的透明度与有效性遭到了前所未有的质疑。客观、公正地讨论中国对外援助的相关争议和质疑，不仅有利于反驳中国大量对外援助对受援国经济发展促进作用下降的论调，而且可以证明中国对外援助会削弱受援国获得西方援助和贷款有效性的指责是缺乏实证依据的，更可以揭示中国对外援助总额似乎与美国相当这种错误认识背后的原因。考虑中国对外援助仍属 于南南合作的范围，中国对外援助范围应以发展援助标准高度优惠的政府开发援助为宜；同时，根据新的援外形势，中国应认真总结自身对外援助的经验教训，优化对外援助结构，提高对外援助透明性，强化对援外项目的监管和评估，借鉴西方发达国家援外法律制度的合理成分，尽快建立符合中国国力、体现南南合作特点、具有中国特色的《对外援助法》，使对外援助在有效帮助受援国的同时，能真正作为大国外交的重要手段服务于国家战略与核心利益的需要。

 

Why is China’s Foreign Aid Being Challenged as Never Before?

Zhang Zhongxiang (Tianjin University)

Abstract  China’s foreign aid has played an important role in effectively helping recipient countries to reduce poverty, improve people’s livelihood, and enhance their ability to develop independently. However, the lack of transparency and the high level of China’s foreign aid and its effectiveness, which are inconsistent with the status of developing countries, have been questioned in recent years as China’s economic strength and inter- national influence have increased. This article discusses the disputes and doubts surrounding China’s foreign aid objectively and fairly. There is a lack of empirical evidence against the accusation that China’s massive foreign aid has not been able to promote the economic development of recipient countries and to weaken the effectiveness of Western aid and loans. It is pointed out that China’s total foreign aid is equivalent to that of the United States. In fact, it is caused by confusing funds for different purposes. Considering that China’s foreign aid is still in the scope of South-South cooperation, it is recommended that the scope of foreign aid should be limited to government development assistance with highly preferential development assistance standards. According to the new foreign aid situation, China should conscientiously summarize its own foreign aid experience and lessons, optimize the foreign aid structure, improve the transparency of foreign aid, strengthen the supervision and evaluation mechanism for foreign aid projects, and learn from the rational components of foreign aid legal systems in Western developed countries. The “Foreign Aid Law”, which conforms to China’s national strength, has Chinese characteristics, and reflects the characteristics of South-South cooperation, enables foreign aid to serve the recipient countries effectively while serving the national strategy and core interests as an important means of great-nation diplomacy.

Key words      China’s foreign aid; government development assistance; recipient countries; OECD

 

■    作者简介     张中祥，经济学博士，天津大学马寅初经济学院教授、博士生导师；天津 300072。

 

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