作　者：杨华
关键词：朱熹；乡饮酒礼；宋代官僚政治
摘　要：

朱熹十分重视乡饮酒礼，并于庆元年间改革乡饮酒礼。他纠正了绍兴礼式中的多处不合古礼之处，并重新确定了宾、主、僎、介的座位和秩序。他将“僎”或“遵者”的角色进一步制度化、固定化，并将早先规定的“僎”的身份即“州以通判，县以丞或簿”，改为“州以倅，县以丞或簿”。这一简易、从时、通变、实用的礼制改定，反映了宋代地方按察官的制度变迁，是南宋添差、奏辟之类冗官增加以后在礼典设计上的一个制度性反映。

 

Zhu Xi and Changes of the Township Drinking Ceremony in the Song Dynasty

A Response of the Confucian Ritual Designs to Local Bureaucracy

 

Yang Hua (Wuhan University)

 

Abstract Zhu Xi attached great importance to the Township Drinking Ceremony and reformed the cer- emony in AD 1195-1200.  He criticized and corrected a number of Gaokang’s ceremony details that were not consistent with the original Confucian ritual, and re-established the seats and sequence of Bin（宾）, Zhu（主）, Zhuan（僎）and Jie（介）. He further institutionalized and strengthened the role of Zhuan （僎）or Zun Zhe （ 遵 者 ）, who used to be assistant and dispensable officials in the traditional Township Drinking Ceremony. In addition, Zhu Xi changed the stipulated identity of Zhuan from “by Tong Pan in states, by Cheng or Bu in counties”（州以通判，县以丞或簿）to“by Cui in states, by Cheng or Bu in counties”（州以倅，县以丞或簿）. This simple, flexible, practical, and up-to-date ritual reform reflected the bureaucratic change of super-vision system in the Song dynasty. It was also an institutional reflection of the increase of sinecure officials.

Key words      Zhu Xi; Township Drinking Ceremony; bureaucratic politics in the Song dynasty

 

■    作者简介     杨华，历史学博士，武汉大学中国传统文化研究中心、历史学院教授；湖北  武汉，430072。

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