作　者：祁怀高
关键词：西太平洋；海军部署；海上联通；航行自由；海权博弈；中美博弈
摘　要：

 当前，中美正在西太平洋展开三重海权博弈。中美第一重海权博弈属于地缘军事性质博弈，两国积极开展海军部署，在第一岛链附近海域形成了军事平衡。中美第二重海权博弈属于地缘经济性质博弈，主要体现在两国围绕海上联通开展的博弈，表现为中国“商业港口链”与美国“军事基地链”两种不同形态。中美第三重海权博弈属于地缘政治性质博弈，美国在中国周边海域开展“航行自由”行动，挑战中国海洋声索，名为维护国际海洋法， 实为谋求地缘政治利益。中美在西太平洋的三重海权博弈，对中国海军建设、21 世纪海上丝绸之路建设、海洋权益声索都产生了复杂的影响。在海军建设方面，中国在西太平洋应努力建设一支对美国舰队具有拒止能力的一流海军，但应只追求“有限海权”。在海上丝绸之路建设方面，中国可邀请美国参加沿线港口的建设和运营，同时中国需在沿线建设若干民用为主军用为辅的海外港口基地。在海洋权益方面，中国需继续反对美国假借“航行自由”名义损害中国海洋声索的行为，同时中国可在“无害通过”规则方面适时修改国内法律。

 

Sino-U.S. Maritime Competition in the Western Pacific and Its Influence

Qi Huaigao (Fudan University)

Abstract  Sino-US maritime competition in the Western Pacific (WP) is reflected in three aspects nowa- days. The first aspect is geo-military competition in which both China and the United States are actively de-ploying naval forces and have achieved a military balance in the sea area near the fist Island Chain of the WP. The second aspect is geo-economic competition, which concentrates on the maritime connectivity in the WP. China has initiated a “commercial ports chain”whereas the US has established a “military bases chain.” The third aspect is geo-political competition.  China’s maritime claims have been seriously challenged by the American Freedom of Navigation operations (FONOPs) in the seas around China. The US FONOPs claims to maintain international law of the sea, but is actually to seek geo-political interests. Sino-US threefold maritime competition in the WP has exerted complex influences on the construction of Chinese navy and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road as well as on China’s sovereignty. First, China will make efforts to build a first-class navy, which can exclude the US fleets from parts of the WP; but at the same time, China should choose a limited and regional development way in developing the sea power. Second, Chinese companies can invite the US com- panies to construct and operate the ports in the WP by building 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (the Road) together; and China needs to construct a certain number of overseas port bases along the Road. Third, China will continue to oppose the US FONOPs, which threatened China’s sovereignty and security interests; at the same time, China could revise its Law of Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone on the“innocent passage” clause.

Key words      Western Pacific; naval deployment; maritime connectivity; freedom of navigation; maritime competition; Sino-U.S. competition

 

■    作者简介 祁怀高，历史学博士，复旦大学国际问题研究院副研究员、副院长；上海 200433。

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