作　者：付才辉
关键词：新古典经济学；新结构经济学；阿罗–德布鲁一般均衡；新结构一般均衡
摘　要：

 中国经济学家林毅夫教授开创性地提出一种分析经济发展与转型的新结构经济学，被称为发展经济学的“第三波思潮”。其不囿于发展经济学一隅，把结构全面引入经济学，从而创造了经济学范式革新的可能性。从新古典经济学向新结构经济学进行范式更替的支点在于阿罗–德布鲁一般均衡体系中生产计划“有效性”的定义被质疑：如果考虑禀赋结构约束，工程技术上有效的生产计划未必在经济上有效。以柯布–道格拉斯生产函数（只有一种产出和两种投入的生产计划）为例，通过求解禀赋结构内生决定的最优生产函数，以数字为例可以直观发现阿罗–德布鲁一般均衡只是新结构一般均衡的一个特例。这意味着结构变迁会使新古典经济学赖以生存的福利经济学定理不再成立，用以此为准绳的资源配置理论来指导实践就极具误导性。探索性地给出了新结构一般均衡的定义和特征，并指出其在更高维度上统一资源最优配置和结构变迁的可能性，但严格的证明有待后续的研究。

 

Toward an Exploratory Theory of New Structural Economics of General Equilibrium

Fu Caihui (Peking University)

Abstract：Professor Lin Justin Yifu, a Chinese economist, has pioneered a discipline of New Structural Economics to analyze development and transition, which is called the “Third Wave of Thought” of development economics. It is not confined to the corner of development economics, but possible to introduce structure into economics to reform paradigm. The fulcrum to shift Neoclassical Economics to the new structural economics locates in the query to the effectiveness of the production plan of the definition of “validity” in Arrow-Debreu Model of General Equilibrium, because effective production plan on engineering is not necessarily effective in economy, if consider endowment structure constraint. Based on Cobb-Douglas production function (a production plan with only one output and two kinds of inputs), for example, by solving the optimal production function which is endogenously determined by the endowment structure, this paper discusses that the Arrow-Debreu Model of General Equilibrium (ADGE) is an only special case of New Structural Economics of General Equilibrium (NSEGE) and gives a digital example. This means that the structure change will make welfare economics theorem that is base of Neoclassical Economics will no longer be established. As a result, the criterion of the resource allocation theory to guide practice of structure change is misleading. Lastly,  this paper makes an exploratory general definition and feature of a new structure of general equilibrium that maybe unify the paradigm of new classical economics with the core of the optimal resources allocation and the paradigm of new structural economics with the core of the optimal production function in the higher dimensions. The further studies need to be made the strict certificate.

Key words：neoclassical economics; new structural economics; Arrow-debreu model of general equilibrium; new structural economics of general equilibrium

 

作者简介 付才辉，经济学博士，北京大学新结构经济学研究院研究员，博士生导师

[PDF]（下载数：）