作　者：胡锦光
关键词：香港特别行政区基本法； 一国两制； 基本法审查权； 司法审查； 基本法第158条
摘　要：

香港基本法及澳门基本法是由全国人大制定的基本法律，同时依据两个基本法的明确规定，其在香港特别行政区及澳门特别行政区具有最高的法律地位。为了保证这一地位，全国人大常委会依据基本法的规定有权审查两个特别行政区原有的法律及立法机关制定的法律是否符合基本法。两个基本法虽然未明确规定特别行政区法院对特别行政区原有的法律及立法机关制定的法律是否具有审查权，但依据两个基本法关于基本法解释权的规定，可以推定也应当具有审查权。同时，香港地区属于英美法系，其所有的法院均具有审查权是毫无疑义的；澳门地区属于大陆法系，其所有的法院均具有审查权，易造成不同法院之间对相同法律的合基本法性上的差异，需要根据澳门特别行政区的法律特点，将违反基本法的判断权集中于终审法院。审查机关在对特别行政区法律进行审查时，其审查的依据应当是基本法的正文及附件，而不能单独依据基本法的序言及宪法进行审查。法院在对特别行政区法律进行审查时，必然要受到其所获得的基本法解释权授权限度的限制，且还要受到法院作为司法机关所应遵循的司法原则的限制。

Review Power on the Basic Law of Hong Kong and Its Limits
 

Hu Jinguang （Renmin University of China）

Abstract:The Basic Laws of Hong Kong and Macao are established by the National People's Congress as basic law.And thus,according to these two Basic Laws,they are at the top of the hierarchy of laws in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region,respectively.In order to ensure such legal status,the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is vested with the review power to judge whether the existing laws in these two regions as well as the laws enacted by the legislative bodies are consistent with the Basic Laws.When it comes to whether the courts in the Special Administrative Regions are empowered to review the existing laws in these two regions as well as the laws enacted by the legislative bodies,it has not been clarified in these two Basic Laws.However,it can still be presumed that the courts are also vested with the review power on the ground of interpretative power of the Basic Law provided by these two Basic Laws.Meanwhile,the legal system in the Hong Kong is characterized by common law,and thus there is no doubt all the courts in this special administrative region are vested with review power.Yet,the legal system in the Macao is subjected to civil law,and all courts are vested with review power,which would lead to the difference among the courts as to the compliance of the same law on the basis of the Basic Law.At this point,it should integrate such judgment into the Court of Final Appeal given the legal speciality in the Macao Special Administrative Region.The body with the review power should carry out the review of the laws in Special Administrative Regions on the basis of the legal text and annex rather than only the preamble of the Basic Laws and Constitution.As far as the courts are concerned,their review on the laws of Special Administrative Region is unavoidably restricted by the authorized limits regarding their interpretative power on the Basic Laws,and by the required judicial principles as well since courts are judicial branches.
 

Key words:the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;“One Country Two System”; review power on the Basic Law; judicial review; article 158 of the Basic Law

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