作 者：麻宝斌 于丽春 杜平
关键词：政治参与机会认知； 参与意愿； 政治社会化； 收入水平
摘 要：
在政治现代化的进程中，随着民主制度的不断完善，公众对于政治参与机会的认知也会呈现出不断增强的趋势。立足社会转型的背景，基于问卷调查数据，从收入水平、政治社会化以及政治参与意愿等几个维度对公众所在社区和工作单位事务管理参与机会认知影响因素的研究发现，政治参与意愿对公众政治参与机会认知的影响并不明显；受教育程度越高，就越认为自己有机会参与所在社区和工作单位事务的管理；与农村户籍人口相比，城镇户籍人口更认为自己有机会参与到所在社区和单位相关事务的管理中，但是现居住地对公众相关政治参与机会认知的影响不明显；个人的收入水平越高，就越认为自己有机会参与到所在单位事务的管理中。这些研究发现对于提升公众政治参与的能力与水平具有积极的作用。
Income Level,Political Socialization and Willingness to Participate:Analysis on the Factors Affecting the Opportunity Cognition of Public Participation in Political Transition
Ma Baobin & Yu Lichun （Jilin University）
Du Ping （Shanghai University）
Abstract:Based on the background of social transformation in China,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of public participation opportunity cognition from three dimensions:income level,political socialization and willingness to participate.
In the process of political modernization,with the improvement of systems,the public’s political participation opportunities are also increasing.Accordingly,the research results of the public political participation behavior,the willingness to participate and the political efficacy are more and more abundant.On the whole,the empirical research on people’s political participation has focused on the political efficacy,the willingness to participate and its influencing factors.In addition,in terms of content,political participation includes not only the vote,but also the management of public affairs. Previous studies have not been sufficiently concerned with the latter.From this point of view,the influencing factors of public participation opportunity cognition will undoubtedly help promote public political participation cognitive problems.
In theory,the participation opportunity cognition will be influenced by subjective and objective factors.Based on the questionnaire data,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of income level,political socialization and willingness on the opportunity cognition of public political participation.The results show that the willingness to political participation opportunity cognition is not obvious; the higher the level of education is,the more they think they have opportunity to participate in the management process of the community and work organization affairs; compared with the rural population,the urban population have more chance to participate in the relevant units and community affairs; the higher the individual income level is,the more they think they have the opportunity to participate in the management of unit affairs.The research of this paper extends the research scope of political participation cognition,and the conclusions obtained can be used for reference to enhance people’s participation opportunity cognition.
Key words:the opportunity cognition of political participation; willingness to participate; political socialization; income level
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