从词史的角度来看，姜夔带有复古、复雅色彩的词学思想，是对宋词发展中长期存在的一些困境的应对与突破。宋词的第一困境是其依据的音乐是唐宋正统文人一直批评的、受胡乐影响甚深的燕乐，姜氏的音乐复古思想及其在词乐上的复古、复雅行为，即是对这一困境的应对。依声填词的方法，在宋代受到包括姜夔在内的词论家的质疑，认为不符合“诗言志”“声依永”的原则，作为姜词最有特色的自制曲、自度曲，正是应对这一词学思想而产生的。词出歌筵舞席，宋词更重女声，实带有女乐性质，所以词以婉约为宗，其写男女之情，又多猎艳、狎邪调笑的内容，姜词中也有此类；但姜氏以自身的爱情经历入词，并多杂江湖身世之思，是对婉约传统的改造，也可以说是真正意义上的爱情词。以诗入词，也是改变词体软靡作风的一种方法，姜氏继苏轼、周邦彦之后，以诗入词，尤其是以瘦硬通神的江西诗法入词。具体地说，黄诗的结构艺术以及夺胎换骨的方法，姜词都有自觉的取用，其融汇《诗》《骚》及唐宋诗之广，超过了前人。
On JIANG Kui’s Breakthrough in Terms of Ci Genre and Style as Seen from the Dilemma of Song Ci
QIAN Zhixi （Peking University）
Abstract:From the perspective of the history of ci,JIANG Kui’s ci theory,returning to the ancient and the elegant,was an answer to the long-lasting dilemmas and a breakthrough in the development of Song ci.The first dilemma of Song ci was that it relied on Yanyue(燕尔),which was deeply influenced by Huyue(胡乐) and therefore had been criticized by renowned scholars in Tang and Song dynasties.JIANG’s retrospective music theory and his composing that returned to the ancient and the elegant,was an answer to this dilemma.Writing lyrics according to the melody was doubted by ci theorists including JIANG Kui in the Song dynasty.They thought it violated the principle that poetry expresses the mind and melody depends on the singing.In response to this ci theory,JIANG’s self-created qu and self-composed qu became the most distinctive ones among his ci.Ci came from parties with singers and dancers.Song ci valued female voice more,so it formed a female musical character.Accordingly,ci had the tradition of Wanyue(婉约),writing about love affairs with plenty of descriptions on encounters and dissolute teasing.Some of JIANG’s ci was also like that.But JIANG put his own love experiences in ci,and mingled with impressions of life and society,thus transformed the tradition of Wanyue(婉约),making the real ci of love.Importing poetry into ci was another way to change ci’s flabbiness and depression.JIANG,after SU Shi and ZHOU Bangyan,did this especially in the way of Jiangxi Poetic Laws.Concretely,JIANG took the structure arts and the poetic method Duo Tai Huan Gu(夺胎换骨） from Huang Tingjian’s poems.He blended Shi（《诗》）,Sao（《骚》） and poems of Tang and Song dynasties altogether in ci.This was an achievement far beyond the previous.
Key words:JIANG Kui； Baishi ci； Song ci； Yanyue
